Pattern Causality Analysis // Infer causation from observational data through pattern causality analysis (PC), with original algorithm for time series data from Stavroglou et al. (2020) doi:10.1073/pnas.1918269117, as well as methodological extensions for spatial cross-sectional data introduced by Zhang Wang (2025) doi:10.1080/13658816.2025.2581207, together with a systematic description proposed in Lyu et al. (2026) doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102435.